Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO. It usually appears as a white powder, nearly insoluble in water. The powder is widely used as an additive into numerous materials and products including plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, rubber (e.g. car tyres), lubricants, paints, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods (source of Zn nutrient), batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, first aid tapes, etc. ZnO is present in the Earth crust as a mineral zincite; however, most ZnO used commercially is produced synthetically.

Particulars	ZnO - Grade A	ZnO - Grade B	ZnO - Grade C
Content of Zinc Oxide (ZnO)	99.5% min	99.0% min	98.0% min
Content of heavy metal as Lead (Pb)	0.10% max	0.10% max	0.15% max
Content of Iron (Fe)	0.007% max	0.02% max	0.015% max
Solubility in HCl	0.02% max	0.02% max	0.05% max
Loss on Ingnition	0.05% max	0.10% max	0.15% max
Moisture	0.05% max	0.15% max	2.00% max
Residue of sieve 325 mesh	0.05% max	0.15% max	2.00% max
Nitrogen Surface Area	4-6 m2/g	4-6 m2/g	4-6 m2/g

Litharge, which is Lead Mono-Oxide (PbO) is a yellowish or reddish, odorless, heavy, earthy, water-insoluble, solid, PbO, used chiefly in the manufacture of Lead Stabilizers (Lead Steareates), pottery, Lead glass, paints, enamels, and inks. Litharge is also called Lead Monoxide, Lead Oxide, Plumbous Oxide.

Other use of Litharge is as intermediate used in a variety of industries like lubricants and greases, insecticides, inorganic pigments, Lead soaps, petroleum refining, rubber and PVC etc.

Description	Test Specification
Appearance	Yellow Fine Powder
Purity	99.5% min
Free Lead	0.10% max
Particle (for granular) +8 mesh -18 mesh	Nil 5.0% max
Particle (for powder) + 325 mesh	0.2% max

Red Lead is used or utilized in battery manufacture ( for BatteryPlates), manufacturing of Crystal Glass, Ceramics and Anti-Corrosivecoatings.

It is used for protection of ferrous metal surfaces as a Primer, as apolymer stabilizer and vulcanizer in rubber industries, making OpticalGlass and Antirust Paint. it is also used as a weak oxidizer inchemical industry.

Description	Test Specification
Free Lead	nil
Oxidation Level	68 - 70%
Moisture Content	0.5% max
Antimony (Sb)	0.001% max
Iron (Fe)	0.001% max
Barium (Ba)	0.005% max
Amorphous	In the form of powder
Colour	Orange
Apparent Density	1.30 - 1.60 gm/cc
Acid Absorption	175 - 210 mg of acid/gm of Red Lead

Antimony trioxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Sb2O3. It is the most important commercial compound of antimony. It is found in nature as the minerals valentinite and senarmontite. Like most polymeric oxides, Sb2O3 dissolves in aqueous solutions only with hydrolysis.

Antimony trioxide is an opacifying agent for glasses, ceramics and enamels. The main application is for flame retardants in combination with halogenated materials. The combination of the halides and the antimony being key to the frame-retardant action for polymers, helping to form less flammable chars.

Description	Test Specification
Appearance	White Crystalline fine powder
Purity	99.7%
Iron (Fe)	0.002% max
Heavy metal as Pb	0.001% max
Chloride content	0.05% max
Sulphite content	0.01% max
Arsenic (As) content	0.001% max
Copper (Cu) content	0.0005% max
Transmittance at 400nm of 2% solution in MEG	95.0% min
Transmittance at 660nm of 5% solution in 1:1 HCl	90.0% min

Nickel(II) oxide is the chemical compound with the formula NiO. It is notable as being the only well characterized oxide of nickel although (nickel(III) oxide, Ni2O3 and NiO2 have been claimed. The mineralogical form of NiO, bunsenite, is very rare. It is classified as a basic metal oxide. Several million kilograms are produced in varying quality annually, mainly as an intermediate in the production of nickel alloys.

NiO has a variety of specialized applications and generally applications distinguish between "chemical", which is relatively pure material for specialty applications, and "metallurgical grade", which is mainly used for the production of alloys. It is used in the ceramic industry to make frits, ferrites, and porcelain glazes.

Description	Test Specification
Appearance	Greenish Grey / Grey fine powder
Nickel (Ni)	78% min
Coblat (Co)	0.1% max
Iron (Fe)	0.1% max
Particle on 325 mesh	5.0% max

Nickel(II) oxide is the chemical compound with the formula NiO. It is notable as being the only well characterized oxide of nickel although (nickel(III) oxide, Ni2O3 and NiO2 have been claimed. The mineralogical form of NiO, bunsenite, is very rare. It is classified as a basic metal oxide. Several million kilograms are produced in varying quality annually, mainly as an intermediate in the production of nickel alloys.

Cobalt(II) oxide appears as olive-green to red crystals, or greyish or black powder. It is used extensively in the ceramics industry as an additive to create blue colored glazes and enamels as well as in the chemical industry for producing cobalt(II) salts. CoO crystals adopt the periclase (rock salt) structure with a lattice constant of 4.2615Å.

Description	Test Specification
Appearance	Grey/Blackish fine powder
Coblat (Co)	72.0% min
Nickel (Ni)	0.1% min
Iron (Fe)	0.1% max
Particle on 325 mesh	5.0% max

Nickel(II) oxide is the chemical compound with the formula NiO. It is notable as being the only well characterized oxide of nickel although (nickel(III) oxide, Ni2O3 and NiO2 have been claimed. The mineralogical form of NiO, bunsenite, is very rare. It is classified as a basic metal oxide. Several million kilograms are produced in varying quality annually, mainly as an intermediate in the production of nickel alloys.

Cadmium oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CdO. It is one of the main precursors to other cadmium compounds It crystallizes in a cubic rocksalt lattice like sodium chloride, with octahedral cation and anion centers. It rarely occurs naturally as the mineral monteponite. Cadmium oxide can found as a colorless amorphous powder or as brown or red crystals. Cadmium oxide is n-type semiconductor.

Cadmium oxide in the form of thin films has been used in applications such as photodiodes, phototransistors, photovoltaic cells, transparent electrodes, liquid crystal displays, IR detectors, and anti reflection coatings. Cadmium oxide is used in cadmium plating baths, electrodes for storage batteries, cadmium salts, catalyst, ceramic glazes, phosphors, and nematocide. Major uses for cadmium oxide is as an ingredient for electroplating baths and in pigments.

Description	Test Specification
Appearance	Brown fine powder
Purity	99.5% min
Moisture Content	0.1% max
Insoluble in Acid	0.05% max
Loss on Ignition	0.2% max